
123
ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2021
OTHER INFORMATION – SPECIFIC TERMS
After sales
Provision of services, support and
spare parts after making an initial
sale. This occurs for example in
the provision of products which
requires regular upgrades.
Block-chain technology
A block-chain is a growing list of
records, called blocks, which are
linked using cryptography. Each
block contains a cryptographic
hash of the previous block, a time-
stamp and transaction data. By
design, a blockchain is resistant to
modification of the data. It is “an
open, distributed ledger that can
record transactions between two
parties eciently and in a verifi-
able and permanent way”. By
using block-chain technology
the user can ascertain that the
product is genuine, as the whole
supply chain for the product can
be verified.
Business-to-business (B2B)
Sale of goods and services
between businesses, such as
between a manufacturer and a
wholesaler, or between a whole-
saler and a retailer.
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Sale of goods and services
between a company and
consumers.
Contract Logistics
Contract logistics is a business
model within the framework of
supply chain management, which
is based on a long-term coopera-
tion between a manufacturer or
a dealer of goods and a logistics
service provider. The model is
normally regulated by a service
contract, comprises a considerable
business volume and is individually
formed.
Cross-docking
Unloading materials from incom-
ing transports and loading these
directly into outbound transports,
with little or no storage in be-
tween. This may be done to
change the type of package, to
sort material intended for dier-
ent destinations, or to combine
material from dierent origins into
transports with the same or similar
destinations.
Digital print
The transfer of information to
paper via a digital file that is then
printed out with the help of a
high-speed printer. This technique
is a prerequisite for print-on-
demand and makes quick deliver-
ies in small editions possible. O-
set technique is still more ecient
for larger editions.
E-commerce
Online sales, also known as
electronic commerce or internet
commerce, refers to the buying
and selling of goods or services
using the internet, and the transfer
of money and data to execute
these transactions.
End-to-end solution
An end-to-end solution refers to a
comprehensive solution, where all
the middle layers or steps are elim-
inated to optimize performance
and eciency in a process.
Fulfillment
This term used to describe a
number of steps in the process be-
tween production and distribution.
They can include assembly, con-
figu ration, bar-coding, packaging
for end customers.
Just-in-time (JIT)
Delivery precision – delivery
exactly when the need arises. The
concept also entails that custom-
ers do not need to store their
products.
Life Cycle Management
Services that are carried out
during the whole or parts of a
product’s life cycle, from when the
product is manu factured to it is
recycled. Examples of services are
delivery, installation, training,
maintenance, wiping of data,
upgrade of software, refurbish-
ment and reselling or recycling.
The service aims to maximize the
product’s life and optimize logis-
tics flow in order to reduce the
environmental impact.
Oset print
A printing method in which ink
and water are spread out on a
printing plate that is then pressed
against a rubber blanket. This
absorbs the ink and transfers it to
the paper. The expression oset
comes from the fact that the print-
ing plate never touches the paper.
Omni-channels
An integrated way of thinking
about people’s relationships with
organizations. Rather than working
in parallel, communication chan-
nels are designed to cooperate
and build a coherent, evolving,
cross-channel experience. The
approach includes channels such
as physical locations, FAQ web
pages, social media, mobile
applications and telephone com-
munication. Companies that use
omni-channels give their custom-
ers the ability to be in contact with
them through multiple avenues at
the same time.
Online print
A service where printed matter
can easily be ordered via a web-
based interface and the user can
create their own unique design.
Typical products are business
cards, catalogues, books, photo
products, newsletters, calendars
and brochures.
Outsourcing
Companies or organizations
choose to let an external party
handle an activity or a process.
This activity or process is then said
to be outsourced.
Packaging
A product manufactured to pro-
tect, handle, deliver and present
an item.
Reverse logistics
Normally, logistics deal with events
that bring the product towards the
customer. In the case of reverse
logistics, the product goes back
in the supply chain. For instance,
goods move from the customer
back to the distributor or to the
manufacturer. The reverse logistics
process includes the management
of surplus equipment, returns as
well as defective products includ-
ing testing, dismantling, repairing,
recycling or disposing the product.
Supply chain
The movement and storage of
goods and or information from
point of origin to end-users.
Supply chain manage ment can
be defined as the design, planning,
execution, control and monitoring
of activities with the objective of
creating net value, building a com-
petitive infrastructure, leveraging
worldwide logistics, synchronizing
supply with demand and measur-
ing performance globally.
Value Recovery
The process of maximizing the
value of unused or end-of-life
assets through eective reuse,
recycling or divestment.
Specific
TERMS